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Development, modernization, and sustainability in societies and their current needs have significantly evolved from the past. It is crucial to understand that economic development cannot be achieved without social development. Asian countries have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in this aspect, and their cultural proximity to us allows us to learn valuable lessons from their experiences. It is worth noting the strong commitment to the issue of equal rights for women and the positive changes that Egyptian society has noted in this direction.
Notably, Egypt has achieved a substantial female representation (26%) in the Council of Ministers and 15% in the House of Representatives, in addition to their presence in the governorates, judiciary, and administrative prosecution. Sustainable development necessitates a partnership between the government, civil society, and the private sector, with the citizen at its core.
These fundamental principles are integral to President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi's presidential program, which he remains dedicated to after being elected for a third consecutive term.
We asked some questions on these topics to Mrs. Salwa Thabet, Doctor of Sciences, Professor of Administration and Public Policy, Director of International Affairs, and the Rector of the School of Economics and Political Science at Future University, Cairo.
Mrs. Salwa Thabet, Doctor of Sciences, Professor of Administration and Public Policy, Director of International Affairs, and the Rector of the School of Economics and Political Science at Future University, Cairo.
What are the most notable programs and concepts you can note in connection with the issue of modernization and sustainable development of Egyptian society?
Let’s commence with the fundamental principle of sustainability, which serves as a crucial prerequisite for development of any nation. The 17 sustainable development goals serve as a foundational pillar for formulating strategies in any country. It is imperative to acknowledge that progress cannot be achieved without a solid foundation in education, equality among citizens, and healthcare. Maintaining a balance between economic and social development is of utmost importance.
Furthermore, conducting structural reforms within institutions, particularly in terms of human resources development and empowering women to assume higher managerial positions, serves as a fundamental driving force for reform. Presently, Egyptian women are experiencing their prime in terms of their rights and freedoms.
Moreover, embracing pluralism, particularly at the local level (government, civil society, and the private sector with the citizen at its core), is essential. Sustainable development cannot be attained without fostering partnerships among the three components of this triangle.
At the international level, cooperation with international organizations is crucial, followed by global integration that takes into account pluralism, equality among individuals, and cultural distinctiveness, while allowing participation in sustainable development. The crises we currently face necessitate finding common ground and engaging in joint cooperation to overcome challenges, particularly those related to wars and climate change.
Is there an increased level of collaboration and comprehension among the international community towards one another, or are we experiencing conflict, isolation, and a withdrawal into national boundaries?
One of the major objectives for these novel ideas is to foster coordination and cooperation among nations and parties in the realm of sustainable development.
How was the “Decent Life” research, recently conducted in Egypt, perceived by the world community? How was it received at the International Academia Forum in Hawaii?
The research on “Decent Life” has been widely recognized as a distinguished and successful Egyptian experience. It has garnered significant attention and praise at the International Academia Forum in Hawaii. This project, which focuses on improving the lives of the poorest villages in Egypt, has been hailed as an inspiring epic and a model for complementary public policy in the field of social development.
The fact that it was proposed by Egyptian youth and adopted by the political leadership demonstrates its credibility and potential for positive change.
One of the key factors contributing to the success of the project is its inclusive and participatory nature. All relevant stakeholders are involved in the planning and management process, ensuring that the needs and perspectives of all communities are taken into account. Objective criteria are used to select the poorest villages, ensuring that the resources are allocated where they are most needed.
The project also benefits from a well-established institutional framework for coordination and selection. There are clear indicators in place to measure the improvement in citizens’ lives, including income growth, job creation, and access to services. The organizational structure is designed to integrate different teams specializing in infrastructure, economic development, social care, and spatial indicators. This holistic approach ensures a comprehensive and effective implementation of the project.
Furthermore, the voluntary work of over 36,000 qualified Egyptian youth has played a crucial role in the success of the project. Their dedication and contribution have been highly regarded, both domestically and internationally. The project’s ability to provide integrated solutions to poverty-related issues, particularly in terms of architectural heritage preservation and citizen participation, has been particularly impressive.
We see the Egyptian experience close to both, the developed countries and Asian countries. So, what exactly distinguishes the Egyptian experience, what makes it unique and what are the most important factors for its success in this regard?
Asian countries have experienced significant economic and social progress, primarily due to certain common factors. One of the key factors is education, as seen in countries like China, Singapore, and Japan, where education for sustainable development has played a crucial role.
These countries have focused on primary and secondary education, scientific research and technology, curricula development, and vocational training to equip young individuals with the necessary skills for the job market. It is worth noting that there is a positive correlation between income growth, education and training rates, and increased life expectancy.
Furthermore, education is considered a vital tool in combating intellectual poverty, and new countries acknowledge the need for financial support to address this issue effectively.
Industrialization has also played a significant role in the transformation of Asian countries. By encouraging both domestic and foreign investments and providing various benefits, loans, and tax incentives, particularly in productive sectors, these countries have stimulated economic growth.
Trade policy has been another crucial aspect of their progress. Asian countries have embraced open trade policies, allowing for increased exports and imports, which were previously restricted.
Investments in infrastructure have been instrumental in uplifting impoverished villages. These countries have made significant investments in improving the infrastructure of underprivileged areas.
Entrepreneurship and small to medium-sized investments have also contributed to their economic growth.
Throughout this transformation, the state has played a pivotal role as the main driver of modernization. The relationship between the state and civil society has been characterized by cooperation rather than conflict, recognizing that development should be based on a partnership between these three sectors.
In light of digitization, technological progress, and the fourth industrial revolution, how can the gap in natural resources be bridged through human resources?
The worldwide movement towards digital governance entails utilizing technology in the advancement of institutions, necessitating novel approaches to engage directly with citizens and deliver services. This involves the dissemination of public policies and fostering collaboration and interdependence among various sectors. Egypt has embarked on this path with the establishment of smart cities, particularly the new administrative capital, heralding a forthcoming digital and administrative revolution.
What is the road map for administrative reform in Egypt?
Administrative structural reform is crucial for the reformation of the work system within institutions and for enhancing its adaptability in addressing new challenges. This reform is founded on the legislative reform, namely the reform of Egyptian parliament, and on the institutional reform. The latter entails the evaluation of organizational structures, job analysis, digitization, and the preparation of new classes of society, particularly through training and empowerment women. Additionally, it involves establishing a connection between the demands of the labor market and the educational sector.
Will the move to the new administrative capital of Egypt take place with the same old bureaucratic apparatus?
The forthcoming administrative capital will symbolize a groundbreaking administrative transformation for Egypt and serve at the forefront of the nation’s future endeavors.
